# Conversions Between Cartesian, Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates

The 3 common methods of describing a point in a three dimensional coordinate system are Cartesian, Cylindrical and Spherical. The most simple is Cartesian but certain teachers find it necessary to use the others. There are a few simple conversions between them but first it is necessary to know their notation.

Cartesian: $(x,y,z)$

Cylindrical: $(\rho,\phi,z)$

Spherical: $(r,\theta,\phi)$

In most cases you will only need to work from Cartesian to Cylindrical or Spherical OR back, so I will only supply those equations. If you need to work between Cylindrical and Spherical, it would be one more simple step working from one of those, to Cartesian, then on to the other.

Cartesian $\rightarrow$ Cylindrical:

$x = \rho \cdot cos (\phi)$
$y = \rho \cdot sin (\phi)$
$z = z$

Cartesian $\leftarrow$ Cylindrical:

$\rho = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}$
$\phi = tan^{-1} (\frac{y}{x})$
$z = z$

Cartesian $\rightarrow$ Spherical:

$x = r \cdot sin(\theta) \cdot cos(\phi)$
$y = r \cdot sin(\theta) \cdot sin(\phi)$
$z = r \cdot cos(\theta)$

Cartesian $\leftarrow$ Spherical:

$r = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2 + z^2}$
$\theta = tan^{-1}(\frac{\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}}{z})$
$\phi = tan^{-1}(\frac{y}{x})$

Plug the values from any given points into the correct equation to convert to a different type of coordinate system.